Developing Collaborative Learning When Teaching TOEFL iBT Classes

Automated Subscores for TOEFL iBT Independent Essays

Is There Any Interaction Between Background Knowledge and Language Proficiency That Affects TOEFL iBT® Reading Performance?

Error Taxonomy of TOEFL iBT Writing: An Iranian Perspective

TOEFL iBT has turned recently heads to the impacts language tests can have on language learning. Since error analysis-based instruction has gained a new life with the advent of the computer analysis of the learner’s language, the researchers of this study embarked on examining a sample of integrated and independent writing tasks of 45 Iranian TOEFL iBT candidates in order to identify and classi...

Teaching and learning in multi-grade classes: Challenges and opportunities

Multi-grade classes are used for small groups of students in which one teacher for each gread is impractical. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of education and learning in multigrade classrooms from the perspective of teachers in North Khorasan province. To achieve this goal, phenomenological research method was used as a qualitative method. Participants in the ...

Construct validity in TOEFL iBT speaking tasks: Insights from natural language processing

This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (e.g., integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language processing (NLP) tools, MANOVA difference statistics, and discriminant function analyses (DFA) are used to assess the degree to which and in what ways responses to these tasks differ with regard to linguistic characteri...